An ingrown toenail is a common foot condition that occurs when the side or corner of a toenail grows into the surrounding skin. This can cause a fair bit of pain, redness, swelling, and in more severe cases, infection. Although the term “ingrown toenail” suggests that the nail is growing into the skin this isn’t always the case. Sometimes the nail simply irritates the surrounding tissue, which leads to discomfort.
Ingrown toenails can affect people of all ages but are most commonly seen in younger individuals. The condition usually affects the big toe, but any toenail can become ingrown. Proper care, prevention and treatment are essential to avoid complications and ensure comfort.
Ingrown Toenails: Causes and Symptoms
Understanding the causes and symptoms of ingrown toenails can help in preventing and managing this condition effectively. Several factors contribute to the development of ingrown toenails, including:
- Improper Nail Trimming: One of the most common causes is improper nail trimming. Cutting the toenails too short or rounding the edges can encourage the nail to grow into the skin instead of over it.
- Tight or Poor-Fitting Footwear: Wearing shoes that are too tight or narrow can press the nail into the skin, increasing the risk of an ingrown toenail. Shoes with a narrow toe box are particularly problematic.
- Curved or Thickened Nails: Naturally curved or thickened nails can be more prone to becoming ingrown, especially if they are not trimmed properly.
- Injury to the Toe: Trauma to the toenail, such as stubbing your toe or dropping a heavy object on it, can cause the nail to grow abnormally, leading to an ingrown toenail.
- Chubby Toes or Flat Feet: People with chubby toes or flat feet may experience more pressure on the toes while walking, increasing the risk of the nail growing into the skin.
- Walking Abnormalities: Abnormalities in walking or gait can cause uneven pressure distribution on the toes, which may lead to the development of ingrown toenails.
- Corns, Calluses, and Dry Skin: Thickened skin, corns, and calluses around the toes can press against the nail, causing it to grow into the surrounding tissue.
- Genetics: A family history of ingrown toenails can increase your risk of developing this condition. Some people are naturally predisposed to having nails that curve more sharply than others.
Symptoms of an Ingrown Toenail
Pain and tenderness along the sides of the toenail are often the earliest signs of an ingrown toenail, causing noticeable discomfort. As the condition progresses, the affected area may become red, swollen, and increasingly tender to the touch.
In more severe cases, an ingrown toenail can lead to infection, which is characterised by the presence of pus, drainage, and heightened pain. This combination of symptoms can make walking or wearing shoes difficult and uncomfortable, further impacting daily activities.
How to Treat an Ingrown Toenail
There are two primary approaches to treating an ingrown toenail: conservative treatment and surgical treatment. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the condition and whether it is a recurring issue.
Conservative Treatment Options for Ingrown Toenails
Conservative treatment of an ingrown is usually the first step in managing the condition. These methods are non-invasive and aim to relieve pain, reduce swelling and prevent infection. Some of the most effective conservative treatments include:
- Proper Cutting Techniques: Trim the toenails straight across, avoiding rounding the edges. This prevents the nail from growing into the skin.
- Relieving Pressure: Avoid wearing tight or narrow shoes that squeeze the toes together. Opt for footwear with a wide toe box to reduce pressure on the affected area.
- Soaking the Feet: Soak your feet in lukewarm water with Epsom salts for 15-20 minutes, several times a day. This helps to soften the skin around the nail and reduce swelling.
- Using Antibiotics: If the area is infected, your healthcare provider may prescribe oral or topical antibiotics to eliminate the infection.
- Lifting the Nail: Gently lift the corner of the nail that is digging into the skin using a small piece of cotton or dental floss. Change the cotton or floss daily to keep the area clean.
- Eliminating the Root Cause: Identify and address any underlying causes, such as poor footwear or improper nail trimming habits, to prevent future occurrences.
When is Surgical Treatment Necessary?
If conservative treatment methods do not alleviate the pain or if the ingrown toenail is severe or recurrent, surgical intervention may be necessary. Surgical treatment involves removing part or all of the affected nail to provide relief and prevent the condition from returning.
- Partial Nail Removal: In this procedure, only the ingrown part of the nail is removed. This is often done under local anaesthesia to minimise discomfort. After the nail is removed, a chemical called phenol may be applied to prevent the regrowth of the problematic section.
- Total Nail Avulsion: This procedure involves removing the entire toenail and is usually only recommended in severe cases. The nail may or may not grow back, depending on whether the growth plate is treated.
- Matrixectomy: This is a permanent solution where the matrix (growth area) of the nail is destroyed. This is often recommended if the ingrown toenail is a chronic issue.
How Long Does It Take to Recover from Ingrown Toenail Treatment?
Conservative treatment for an ingrown toenail typically requires a recovery period ranging from a few days to a couple of weeks. To promote healing, it is important to regularly soak the foot in warm water, keep the affected area clean, and wear appropriate footwear that does not put pressure on the toe. These measures can help reduce pain and inflammation, allowing the nail to recover more quickly.
For those undergoing surgical treatment, such as partial or total nail avulsion, the recovery period can last between 2 to 4 weeks. While most people can resume normal activities within a few days, it is crucial to avoid strenuous activities and wear tight-fitting shoes until the toe is fully healed to prevent further irritation or injury.
Top Tips for Preventing Ingrown Toenails
To prevent ingrown toenails, it’s important to trim your nails properly by cutting them straight across and avoiding rounding the corners. Use clean, sharp nail clippers and ensure that you do not cut the nails too short, as this can increase the risk of them growing into the surrounding skin.
Wearing proper footwear is also crucial; opt for shoes with a wide toe box that allows your toes to move freely, and avoid high heels or tight shoes that can squeeze the toes and contribute to nail problems.
Maintaining good foot hygiene is another key step in preventing ingrown toenails. Keep your feet clean and dry, and regularly moisturise to prevent dry, cracked skin, which can make ingrown toenails more likely. Protect your feet from trauma by wearing appropriate footwear for activities such as sports or heavy lifting, and consider using protective toe caps if you frequently stub your toes.
If you have foot problems like flat feet or bunions, using orthotic inserts or consulting a podiatrist can help reduce abnormal pressure on your toes, further reducing the risk of ingrown toenails.
When Should You See a Podiatrist?
You should consider seeing a podiatrist if your pain becomes severe or does not improve with conservative treatment. Additionally, signs of infection, such as pus, increased redness, warmth, or fever, warrant professional evaluation. Those with conditions that affect blood flow or healing, such as diabetes or peripheral artery disease, should also consult a podiatrist promptly.
If the ingrown toenail is a recurring issue, seeing a podiatrist is crucial. They can provide expert care, recommend appropriate treatments, and offer guidance on preventing future occurrences, ensuring both relief and long-term foot health.
Frequently Asked Questions About Ingrown Toenail Treatment
Q: Can I treat an ingrown toenail at home?
A: Mild cases of ingrown toenails can often be treated at home with conservative methods like proper nail trimming, foot soaks, and lifting the nail. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, see a podiatrist.
Q: What should I do if my ingrown toenail becomes infected?
A: If you suspect an infection, such as increased pain, redness, or pus, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider. Antibiotics may be necessary to clear the infection.
Q: Will an ingrown toenail grow back after surgery?
A: If only part of the nail is removed, there is a chance it will grow back. However, a procedure called a matrixectomy can be performed to prevent the nail from growing back if ingrown toenails are a chronic issue.
Q: How painful is ingrown toenail surgery?
A: Ingrown toenail surgery is typically performed under local anaesthesia, so the procedure itself is not painful. Some discomfort may occur during the recovery period, but it is usually manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers.
Q: How can I prevent my child’s toenails from becoming ingrown?
A: Ensure your child wears proper-fitting shoes and socks, trim their nails straight across, and encourage them to maintain good foot hygiene. If they are prone to ingrown toenails, consider consulting a podiatrist.
The Best Way to Treat Ingrown Nails
Ingrown toenails can be a painful and recurring problem if not treated properly. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help you manage and prevent this condition. If you experience frequent ingrown toenails or complications, it’s best to consult a podiatrist for expert care and guidance.
If you would like to speak with one of our podiatrists at Coast Sport, book an appointment today using the button below. Our team is here to help you find the best solution for your foot care needs.
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